The James Charnley Residence, also known as the Charnley-Persky House, is a historic house museum at 1365 North Astor Street in the near northside Gold Coast neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Designed in 1891 and completed in 1892, it is one of the few surviving residential works of Adler & Sullivan. The house is owned and operated as a museum and headquarters of the Society of Architectural Historians (SAH). It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Charnley Residence is located in Chicago's Gold Coast neighborhood at the southeast corner of North Astor Street and East Schiller Street. It is three stories in height, with a raised basement of stone and 2+1⁄2 stories of largely austere Roman brick masonry. The façade is divided vertically into three parts, the center portion housing the main entrance in a stone surround flanked by paired sash windows. Above it is a projecting ornate wooden balcony that obscures the fact that the wall behind it is recessed. The flanking sections each have single sash windows set on large expanses of brick, in deep rectangular openings with splayed soldier brick lintels. The third level is separated from the lower levels by a stone stringcourse, and has two deeply recessed square windows in each section. The interior of the house is a marked contrast to its relatively plain exterior. It has high-quality woodwork throughout, with built-in bookcases featuring doors with glass of varying shapes and sizes. The main library features a fireplace of African rose marble, and the dining room has extensive use of mahogany, a favorite wood of Louis Sullivan's.